Section 1 EO M130.01 – IDENTIFY AIRCRAFT AS MILITARY, CIVILIAN AND CADET
Resources needed for the delivery of this lesson are listed in the lesson specification located in A-CR-CCP-801/PG-001, Proficiency Level One Qualification Standard and Plan, Chapter 4. Specific uses for said resources are identified throughout the instructional guide within the TP for which they are required.
Review the lesson content and become familiar with the material prior to delivering the lesson.
Review all aircraft listed to determine if any have been acquired for / retired from service.
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The training aids for this EO can be presented in a number of ways, depending on the resources available at the squadron. Images of the aircraft are located at Attachment A in a MS Word document. If the squadron has the means to use a computer / projector, the aircraft images can be accessed from a PowerPoint presentation located at Attachment B. |
Set up equipment for visual presentation for TPs 1–3.
Create enough sets of matching cards for TP 4 from the set located at Attachment B. It is recommended that the cards be printed in colour on heavy stock (450 g/m2 / 120 lb) paper. Ensure matching cards are in complete sets.
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An interactive lecture was chosen for TPs 1–3 as it orients the cadets to aircraft, generates interest and presents basic information.
A game was selected for TP4 as it is a fun and challenging way to confirm the cadets’ knowledge of the material.
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By the end of this lesson the cadet shall have identified military, civilian and cadet aircraft.
Basic aircraft identification creates a base of understanding for further aviation topics. It adds value to additional aviation activities such as aerodrome tours, air shows and familiarization flying. It also fosters an interest in the military and civilian aviation communities by introducing cadets to aircraft commonly found in those communities.
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Teaching point 1
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Identify Canadian military aircraft.
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Time: 15 min
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Method: Interactive Lecture
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Military aircraft are used for a wide variety of tasks. These tasks include training, transport, maritime patrol, defence and search and rescue. Most military aircraft are painted flat grey or camouflage for low visibility. These high visibility planes used for Search and Rescue (SAR) work are painted bright yellow and red.
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Select at least 11 aircraft to present during TP1 with at least one aircraft from each category. Present aircraft common to the cadets’ community. |
CC-115 Buffalo
The CC-115 Buffalo is mainly used for SAR operations. It has short take-off and landing (STOL) capability, which is ideal for rough landing strips. It is able to fly in almost any weather. The Buffalo is painted a highly visible yellow. It has two turboprop engines, high wings and a t-tail.
The CC-130 Hercules is one of the most multipurpose transport planes. It is used to airlift troops, equipment and cargo. It is also used in SAR operations and in air-to-air refuelling of fighters. With its rear cargo ramp, rugged landing gear, good short-field performance and high ground clearance of engines / propellers, the C-130 is designed to operate from unimproved airstrips in active military areas. The Hercules has four turboprop engines, high wings and a distinctively large tail.
The highly adaptable CC-138 Twin Otter is well suited for Canada’s ever-changing northern climate and terrain. This STOL utility transport aircraft can land on water, land, snow and ice. Powered by twin turboprop engines, the Twin Otter is highly manoeuvrable and has a service ceiling of over 8 000 metres. It can be outfitted with wheels, skis or floats to land on virtually any surface. The CC-138 is used in SAR missions, and transport and support roles to the Canadian Forces’ northern operations. It can carry up to 20 passengers or 2 999 kg of payload, and has a range of 1 427 km.
The CC-144 Challenger, DND’s twin-engine, long-range executive jet, offers rapid air transportation to Canadian and international VIPs. With a range of up to 5 930 km and a maximum speed of Mach 0.83, the Challenger can quickly deliver passengers almost anywhere in the world. The Air Force’s Challenger fleet includes four VIP aircraft and two utility aircraft. The utility jets are used for military transport and can be configured for medical evacuations (medevacs) when troops are in need.
The CC-150 Polaris is the military version of a popular civilian commercial airliner, the Airbus A310-300. The main role of the Polaris is long-range transport of personnel and equipment. It can transport up to 194 passengers or 32 000 kg of cargo. The CC-150 is a wide-body, two engine turbojet with low wings.
CC-177 Globemasters transport large amounts of passengers and equipment over long distances in response to domestic emergencies or international crises. It provides rapid strategic delivery of troops to cargo transport of oversized combat equipment from coast to coast and to anywhere in the world - including to troops in Afghanistan. The Globemaster can be flown with night vision goggles which give it tactical advantage when flying into threatening territory. Operated by a crew of three - pilot, co-pilot and loadmaster - the CC-177, with a payload of 160 000 pounds, can fly long distances and land in remote airfields, making it a premier transporter for military, humanitarian and peacekeeping missions. The CC-177 is able to take off and land on unpaved runways as short as 3 500 feet and as narrow as 90 feet wide during the day or night.
CF-188 (CF-18) Hornet
The CF-18 Hornet is a high-performance twin-engine jet fighter that can perform air-to-air combat or ground-attack roles. The most visible difference of the CF version of this aircraft is a paint scheme incorporating a “spoof” canopy on the underside of the front fuselage. This “spoof” canopy is used to confuse an opponent in the heat of a dogfight as to “which side is up”. The distinctive angled twin vertical fins on the tail most easily identify the CF-18.
A ship-borne maritime helicopter, the CH-124 Sea King’s compact design boasts a fold-up rotor and tail that help it fit on the smallest warship’s deck, and its amphibious hull lends it the ability to land on water. It is powered by two turboshaft engines and is equipped with subsurface acoustic detection equipment and homing torpedoes. The Sea King lifts off from destroyers and frigates to locate and destroy submarines. Capable of flying in day or night, the CH-124 is a versatile surveillance aircraft, contributing to SAR operations, disaster relief, counter-narcotic operations, and fisheries and pollution patrols. The Sea King is to be replaced by the CH-148 Cyclone.
This single-engine trainer is currently used at 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School (3 CFFTS) in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, where the Air Force’s helicopter trainees earn their wings. Side-by-side pilot seating makes the CH-139 ideal for training. Flight controls and doors are fitted at both positions, making them easily accessible to pilot and trainer alike. The passenger / cargo compartment is located immediately behind the cockpit, providing seating for three passengers or space for cargo.
The CH-146 Griffon is Canada's Utility Transport Tactical Helicopter (UTTH). It performs a wide variety of roles that includes airlift of equipment and personnel, command and liaison flights, surveillance and reconnaissance, casualty evacuation, logistic transport, SAR, counter-drug operations and domestic relief operations. The Griffon has a four-blade main rotor and landing skids. It has a camouflage paint scheme.
The CH-147 Chinook is a twin-engine medium-to-heavy-lift helicopter re-introduced as a Canadian aircraft first deployed with the Joint Task Force Afghanistan. The CH-147 Chinook is used for troop movement and transportation of equipment and supplies with a minimum range of 100 km at maximum loading in various climatic conditions. The CH-147 Chinook provides SAR support within Canada. It has the ability to provide timely response to national emergencies in both the eastern and western regions of the country assisting in emergency response to disasters such as floods, forest fires and earthquakes. The fleet will be based primarily at CFB Petawawa with CH-147 Chinook’s supporting the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Center in Wainwright Alberta, being based at CFB Edmonton.
The CH-148 Cyclone will replace the CH-124 Sea King as Canada’s main ship-borne maritime helicopter. The Cyclone will conduct Surface and Subsurface Surveillance and Control, utility and SAR missions. This twin-engine helicopter is compatible with the latest high-tech naval frigates and includes several new safety features. Its aluminum and composite airframe is built with lightning-strike and high-intensity radio frequency pulse protection. The CH-148 Cyclone has a day-and-night flight capability, and can fly in most weather conditions in temperatures ranging from minus 51 to plus 49 degrees Celsius. The CH-148 Cyclone can also fly 450 km without refuelling.
The CH-149 Cormorant is a SAR helicopter. It has three powerful engines that drive a five-bladed rotor. Its ice protection system allows it to operate in continuous icing conditions. It is able to withstand high winds. These features make it ideal for Canada's demanding geography and climate. The CH-149 Cormorant has rear-ramp access and a large amount of cabin space. It can carry 12 stretchers or a load of 5 000 kg. Unlike the Griffon, the CH-149 Cormorant has retractable landing gear and is painted bright yellow.
CT-114 Tutor
The CT-114 Tutor may be the most well known aircraft flown by the Canadian Forces (CF). It is the plane flown in the Snowbirds air demonstration squadron. The CT-114 Tutor was used as a training aircraft from 1971 until 2000. It was designed and built in Canada. The CT-114 Tutor has a single jet engine, low wings and a t-tail.
Navigators from around the world come to Canada to train on the CT-142 Dash-8. At the Canadian Forces Air Navigation School (CFANS) in Winnipeg, MB, this twin turboprop aircraft is used to teach students aerial navigation and tactics. Designed and produced in Canada, the CT-142 is a conversion of the popular Dash-8 airliner. It was adapted for navigation training by manufacturer Bombardier Inc. in the late 1980s.
The CT-155 Hawk was selected for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Flying Training in Canada (NFTC) program because of its similarities to frontline fighter aircraft. Student pilots graduate from the CT-156 Harvard II to this highly advanced jet trainer. Its Rolls-Royce turbofan engine powers the jet to supersonic speeds. The Hawk’s sophisticated glass cockpit features a heads-up display (HUD), hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) controls, and integrated navigation and targeting systems. The jet can perform a wide range of high performance training missions. NFTC students train on the Hawk during the program’s final stage. Once they’ve logged 125 flight hours, Canada’s student fighter pilots are ready to join 410 Squadron, the Operation Training Unit, which flies CF-18 Hornets.
This agile turboprop trainer is the aircraft of choice for the early stages of NFTC program. The CT-156 has an initial climb rate of about 1 km per minute. It can handle sustained 2G turns at an altitude of 7 500 metres. The aircraft is ideally suited to help new pilots move seamlessly from basic flight training to high-performance jet training. Its performance, cockpit layout and ejection protocols mimic those of the CT-155 Hawk jet trainer.
CP-140 Aurora
The CP-140 Aurora is a maritime patrol aircraft. It carries special sensing equipment so it can detect and monitor boats and submarines. The prominent tail boom is the most obvious feature of this aircraft. It has four turboprop engines and low wings.
The CP-140A Arcturus is the sister aircraft to the CP-140 Aurora. The CP-140A Arcturus is used to monitor Canada’s East Coast. This long-range patrol aircraft protects our coastlines from foreign threats and illegal activity. This aircraft also fulfills many of the same roles as the CP-140 Aurora: maritime surveillance, SAR operations, drug trafficking interdiction and territorial and sovereignty patrols. It is also used for pilot and crew training.
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Amend the questions and answers to include the aircraft discussed in TP1 |
What aircraft is this? (Show CC-130 Hercules)
What aircraft is this? (Show CT-114 Tutor)
What aircraft is this? (Show CH-146 Griffon)
Military, CC-130 Hercules.
Military, CT-114 Tutor.
Military, CH-146 Griffon.
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Teaching point 2
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Identify civilian aircraft.
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Time: 10 min
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Method: Interactive Lecture
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Civilian aircraft are used in a wide variety of roles including recreational, training, and transportation of people and cargo. Civilian aircraft have a wide range of paint schemes and use more colors than military aircraft. These aircraft are seen at civilian aerodromes.
Cessna 172
The Cessna 172 is commonly used for primary flight training and familiarization flying. It is a four seat aircraft that has high wings, tricycle landing gear and a single propeller.
Piper PA-28 Cherokee
Another popular recreational and training aircraft is the Piper PA-28 Cherokee. This aircraft has low wings, tricycle landing gear and a single propeller.
Boeing 737
The Boeing 737 is one of the world’s most popular commercial jet transport aircraft. It is a short- to medium-range airplane. They can carry 85 to 189 passengers, depending on the model. The Boeing 737 is flown by airlines including WestJet and Sunwing. The Boeing 737 has a low-wing configuration and tricycle landing gear, like most commercial transport planes. It has two turbofan jet engines mounted under the wings.
Airbus A320
The Airbus A320 is a very popular commercial jet transport aircraft. They can carry 100 to 220 passengers, depending on the model. The Airbus 320 also has a low-wing configuration, nose gear, and two turbofan jet engines mounted under the wings. The biggest difference between the Airbus and the Boeing 737 is the technology in the cockpit. Airbus uses computer technology to a greater extent than Boeing. Air Canada flies the Airbus A320, and several other Airbus models.
Bombardier 415
The Bombardier 415 amphibious aircraft is the backbone of firefighting missions around the world. Launched in 1994, this high-wing, all-metal amphibian remains the only aircraft specifically designed for aerial firefighting. Its proven technology and fire-extinguishing power make it an effective machine for the job. This aircraft may also be configured for humanitarian relief, maritime SAR, surveillance and personnel transport.
What aircraft is this? (Show Piper PA-28)
What aircraft is this? (Show Boeing 737)
What aircraft is this? (Show Cessna 172)
Civilian, Piper PA-28.
Civilian, Boeing 737.
Civilian, Cessna 172.
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Teaching point 3
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Identify cadet aircraft
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Time: 5 min
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Method: Interactive Lecture
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Cadet aircraft are used for training and familiarization flying. They are usually painted bright yellow and blue. (The term “cadet aircraft” is intended to mean aircraft currently owned by the cadet program and does not include other aircraft cadets may use on Power Flying Scholarships (other model Cessnas, Katanas, etc.).
Schweitzer - SGS 2-33a Glider
The Schweitzer SGS 233A is the glider used by the Air Cadet Gliding Program for training and familiarization flying. It is a sturdy, two-place tandem (front and back seating, instead of side by side) glider, with high wings. They can be launched by auto-tow, winch or tow-plane.
Bellanca Scout – 8GCBC
The Bellanca Scout is one of the types of tow-planes used in the Air Cadet Gliding Program. It is a two-place tandem, high wing, tail-dragger aircraft.
The L19 Bird Dog is another tow-plane used in the Air Cadet Gliding Program. Like the Scout, the Bird Dog is a two-place tandem, high wing, tail-dragger aircraft. The L19 has a rear window, and more of a bend to the fuselage than the Scout.
Cessna 182P
The Cessna 182P is another tow plane used in the Air Cadet Gliding Program. Like the Bird Dog, it has a rear window but has four seats instead of two. Unlike either the Scout or the Bird Dog, which are both tail-draggers, it has a tricycle landing gear.
What aircraft is this? (Show L19 Bird Dog)
What aircraft is this? (Show Schweitzer SGS 233A)
What aircraft is this? (Show Bellanca Scout)
Cadet, L19 Bird Dog.
Cadet, Schweitzer SGS 233A.
Cadet, Bellanca Scout.
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Teaching point 4
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Conduct an aircraft identification game.
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Time: 25 min
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Method: Game
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The objective of this activity is to have the cadets practice identifying military, civilian and cadet aircraft by participating in a memory matching game.
One set of aircraft identification matching cards located at Attachment B per group.
Set up the classroom with large flat areas, one for each group, to play the game.
1.Divide cadets into groups of four or less.
2.Issue each group one set of aircraft identification matching cards. The cards should be laid out in a five by four grid, face down (as illustrated in Figure 30).
3.Have the first cadet turn two cards over:
if it is not a match, the cards are turned back face down and the turn passes to the next cadet.
if it is a match:
but the cadet is unable to identify the aircraft; the cards are turned back over and the turn passes to the next cadet; or
and the cadet identifies the aircraft; the cadet keeps the two cards, and takes another turn.
4.The game can be repeated as time allows, mixing up the cards.
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Circulate among the groups to supervise and assist as necessary. Answer questions the cadets have about the game. Ensure cadets are able to correctly identify the matching pairs before removing them from the grid. |
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The cadets' participation in the game will serve as the confirmation of this TP.
The cadets’ participation in the activity game will serve as the confirmation of this lesson.
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Aircraft identification is a fun way of getting involved in aviation. Cadets can apply this knowledge during aviation field trips, familiarization flying and any time they see aircraft.
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A3-007 Canadian Forces. (2009). Retrieved 24 Jul 2009, from http://www.airforces.forces.gc.ca/v2/equip/index-eng.asp
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