Section 5 EO C432.02 – DESCRIBE TURBOCHARGING AND SUPERCHARGING SYSTEMS
Resources needed for the delivery of this lesson are listed in the lesson specification located in A-CR-CCP-804/PG-001, Proficiency Level Four Qualification Standard and Plan, Chapter 4. Specific uses for said resources are identified throughout the instructional guide within the TP for which they are required.
Review the lesson content and become familiar with the material prior to delivering the lesson.
Prepare slides located at Attachment A.
Photocopy the Turbocharging and Supercharging Worksheet located at Attachment B for each cadet.
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An interactive lecture was chosen for TPs 1 and 2 to clarify, emphasize, and summarize turbocharging and supercharging systems.
An in-class activity was chosen for TP 3 to confirm the cadets' comprehension of turbocharging and supercharging.
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By the end of this lesson the cadet shall have described turbocharging and supercharging systems.
It is important for cadets to be able to describe turbocharging and supercharging systems as a solid understanding of turbocharging and supercharging systems provides knowledge for potential instructional duties and is part of the fundamentals that cadets pursuing future aviation training will require.
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Teaching point 1
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Describe turbocharging.
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Time: 10 min
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Method: Interactive Lecture
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Show slide of Figure A-1 to the cadets. |
The capability of the engine to produce power decreases as altitude increases and the air becomes less dense. A turbocharger supplies dense air when the aircraft is operating in thin air at a high altitude using the engine power without using engine horsepower.
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Show slide of Figure A-2 to the cadets. |
Hot exhaust gases are discharged as waste energy and directed through a turbine wheel (impeller) at high rpm. The turbine wheel is mounted on a shaft paired with a centrifugal air compressor enclosed in separate housings. The compressor turns at the same speed as the turbine wheel. The air supplied by the compressor will be denser which enables the engine to produce more power.
The turbocharger is located between the air intake and the carburetor so the air is compressed before mixing with the fuel from the carburetor. The speed of the turbine depends on the difference in pressure between the exhaust gas and the outside pressure. The greater the difference, the less back pressure on the escaping gases and more speed by the turbine.
When flying at lower, denser altitudes, a waste gate in the exhaust system can remain open and the exhaust gas vents around the turbine into the atmosphere. Control of the turbocharger is provided by manual control, and automatic control.
Manual control. The simplest control system. It involves bleeding exhaust gas continuously through an opening of predetermined size allowing the remainder of the exhaust gas to turn the turbocharger. Engine power is adjusted by the throttle.
The more common manual control connects the throttle and the waste gate with the cockpit throttle control. A programmed movement of the throttle plate in the carburetor and the waste gate pair the opening and closing of the two systems. As the throttle plate moves toward full open, the waste gate closes.
Automatic control. A pressure controller senses the difference in air pressure and controls the position of the waste gate using pressurized oil.
The turbocharging system increases performance at altitude. It delivers full power at altitudes above the service ceiling of a normal engine.
What does a turbocharger supply?
On what does the speed of the turbine depend?
What does the pressure controller in an automatic control do when it senses a difference in air pressure?
Dense air when the aircraft is operating in thin air at a high altitude.
The difference in pressure between the exhaust gas and the outside pressure.
It controls the position of the waste gate using pressurized oil.
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Teaching point 2
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Describe supercharging systems.
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Time: 5 min
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Method: Interactive Lecture
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Show slide of Figure A-3 to the cadets. |
Supercharging works on the same general principles as turbocharging (eg, density). The supercharger is an internally driven compressor powered by the engine. A supercharger compresses the fuel / air mixture after it leaves the carburetor (forced induction). When forced induction is used to increase the power of an engine at low altitudes, it is called boost.
When forced induction is used at high altitude to adjust for the lower density of the air and maintain sea level power, it is called supercharging.
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Turbocharging. Compressing the intake air using a turbine turned by the exhaust gases. Supercharging. Compressing the intake air using a turbine turned by the engine / crankshaft power. |
What powers the supercharger?
What is the name given when the supercharger compresses the fuel / air mixture after it leaves the carburetor?
What is supercharging?
The engine powers the supercharger.
Forced induction.
Supercharging is the use of forced induction at high altitude to adjust for the lower density of the air and maintain sea level power.
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Teaching point 3
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Conduct an in-class activity to confirm the cadets' comprehension of
turbocharging and supercharging.
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Time: 10 min
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Method: In-Class Activity
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The objective of this activity is to have the cadets confirm their comprehension of turbocharging and supercharging.
Pen / pencil,
Turbocharging and Supercharging Worksheet located at Attachment B, and
Turbocharging and Supercharging Worksheet Answer Key located at Attachment C.
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1.Distribute a worksheet to each cadet.
2.Have the cadets complete the worksheet.
3.Review the answers using the answer key.
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The cadets' participation in the activity will serve as the confirmation of this TP.
The cadets' completion of the Turbocharging and Supercharging Worksheet will serve as the confirmation of this lesson.
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Being able to describe turbocharging and supercharging systems is important for understanding more complex material. A solid understanding of turbocharging and supercharging systems is required to pursue future aviation training.
Cadets who are qualified Advanced Aviation may assist with this instruction.
C3-116 ISBN 0-9680390-5-7 MacDonald, A. F., & Peppler, I. L. (2000). From the ground up: Millennium edition. Ottawa, ON: Aviation Publishers Co. Limited.
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