Section 2 EO M490.02 – OPERATE A STOVE AND A LANTERN

The following are characteristics of a two-burner naphtha stove:

Operational Temperature

A two-burner stove (that uses naphtha as a fuel), when shielded from the wind, can be used in temperatures as low as -52 Celsius.

Fuel Type

The stove uses naphtha. (Note: also known as white gas, camping fuel and Coleman fuel.)

Parts and Accessories

The following diagram is provided for part identification, not disassembly purposes.

Note. From Basic Cold Weather Training, Arctic and Sub Arctic Operations (Vol. 2) (p.2-75), 1982, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence. Copyright 1982 by Department of National Defence.

Figure 1  Parts of the Coleman Two-Burner Stove

Stove box. This is the container in which the burners are mounted. The fuel tank and generator assembly are also stored here when the stove is disassembled for storage.

Control valve assembly. This consists of the main valve wheel, auxiliary value, nut and body. Its function is to regulate the flow of pressurized fuel from the fuel tank through the generator to the burner head. It remains attached to the fuel tank.

Master Burner. The master burner head is located on the right (or left, depending on make / model) of the stove and consists of a burner cap and a small screw with a series of burner rings. The entire assembly sits in a large burner bowl. The master burner control knob is located on the valve and generator assembly.

Auxiliary burner. The auxiliary burner head is located on the left (or right, depending on make / model) of the stove and consists of a burner cap and small screw along with a series of small burner rings. The entire assembly sits in a small burner bowl. The auxiliary burner control valve is located on the left (right) side of the stove box.

Pump assembly. The pump assembly is fitted into the tank and is held in place by a pump cap clip.

Fuel tank. The fuel tank is red in colour. The tank fits on the front of the stove box when in use.

Wind baffles. The wind baffles shelter the burners from the wind.

Stove grate. The stove grate supports cookware.

Generator. The generator supplies fuel to the burners. Fuel passing through the generator is heated by the master burner.

Precautions

Hazards are few if precautions are taken. Follow these simple rules:

It is important to stress to cadets that stoves and lanterns should not be used in enclosed spaces such as buildings and tents unless they are well ventilated. The burning of naphtha results in the release of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is heavier than air, it therefore pools in the bottoms of buildings and tents, where cadets usually sleep. It will not dissipate, even for days, unless it is forced out by a strong, persistent, direct draft of cold air at floor / ground level. Carbon monoxide can kill.

Dual-mantle lanterns are designed to burn naphtha. This fuel is pressurized in a tank attached to the unit, heated in a generator and then burned as a gas.

A lit lantern produces heat. Flammable materials should be kept a minimum of 60 cm above and 30 cm from all sides of the lantern.

Parts and Accessories

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence.

Figure 2  Coleman Dual-Mantle Lantern

Ventilator. Allows for heat and exhaust to evacuate the lantern.

Generator. Provides pressurized fuel to the mantle.

Mantle. Emits a bright light by the burning naphtha fuel.

Handle. Allows the user to carry or hang the lantern.

Pyrex globe. Protects the mantle from foreign debris. The globe also reduces the amount of oxygen entering the lantern.

Fuel cap. Seals the fuel tank.

Control knob. Controls the amount of fuel entering the generator, controlling the brightness of the lantern.

Tank. Is a fuel storage reservoir.

Pump. Pumps air into the fuel tank, pressurizing the tank.

Hazards are few when precautions are taken. The following simple rules should be used:

For this skill, it is recommended that instruction take the following format: (1) Explain and demonstrate the complete skill while cadets observe. (2) Explain and demonstrate each step required to complete the skill. Monitor cadets as they imitate each step. (3) Monitor the cadets' performance as they practice the complete skill. Note: Assistant instructors may be employed to monitor the cadets' performance.

Stoves and lanterns must be cool to the touch before filling or draining.

Filling a Stove

The steps to fill a two-burner stove tank are as follows:

1.Ensure main valve wheel is closed.

2.Close pump knob firmly.

3.Remove fuel cap.

4.Insert funnel.

5.Ensure fuel tank is level.

6.Fill with clean, fresh fuel until the level reaches the bottom of the fill hole.

7.Remove funnel, ensuring any spills / overflow fall into the drip pan.

8.Replace fuel cap.

Filling a Lantern

The steps to fill a dual-mantle lantern are as follows:

1.Ensure control valve is closed.

2.Close pump knob firmly.

3.Remove fuel cap.

4.Insert funnel.

5.Ensure lantern is level.

6.Fill with clean, fresh fuel until the level reaches the bottom of the fill hole.

7.Remove funnel, ensuring any spills / overflow fall into the drip pan.

8.Replace fuel cap.

Draining a Stove

The steps to drain a two-burner stove tank are as follows:

1.Ensure main valve wheel is closed.

2.Close pump knob firmly.

3.Remove fuel cap.

4.Insert funnel into fuel storage container.

5.Slowly and carefully pour fuel from tank into the funnel, ensuring any spills / overflow fall into the drip pan.

6.Replace fuel cap.

Draining a Lantern

The steps to drain a dual-mantle lantern are as follows:

1.Ensure control valve is closed.

2.Close pump knob firmly.

3.Remove fuel cap.

4.Insert funnel into fuel storage container.

5.Slowly and carefully pour fuel from lantern into the funnel, ensuring any spills / overflow fall into the drip pan.

6.Replace fuel cap.

To assemble a two-burner stove:

1.Unlatch and open the stove (as per Figure 3).

2.Open and secure the wind baffles (as per Figure 4).

3.Lift the grate and remove the fuel tank (as per Figure 5).

4.Install the fuel tank. Ensure the generator passes through the large hole in the front of the stove and is inserted into the opening in the mixing chamber above the burner. Insert hanger brackets on the tank into the slots located on the front of the stove case (as per Figure 5).

5.Secure the safety chain (as per Figure 6).

6.Close the grate (as per Figure 7).

7.Ensure the auxiliary burner valve is in the closed position (as per Figure 8).

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence.

Figure 3  Closed Stove

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence.

Figure 4  Wind Baffles

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence.

Figure 5  Installing the Fuel Tank

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON:Department of National Defence. Figure 6  Securing the Safety Chain

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON:Department of National Defence. Figure 7  Closed Grate

Note. Created by Director Cadets 3, 2007, Ottawa, ON: Department of National Defence.

Figure 8  Auxiliary Burner Control

The stove fuel tank should have been fuelled previous to this lesson; however, it should not be pressurized.

Pressurizing the Fuel Tank

1.Make sure the control knob is in the OFF position.

2.Turn the pump rod two full turns counter-clock wise (as per Figure 9).

3.Place the thumb over the air vent of the pump rod handle (as per Figure 9).

4.Pump 30–40 full strokes to pressurize the fuel tank.

5.Turn the pump rod clockwise until it is closed tight (as per Figure 9).

Note. From Coleman Camp Stove Model M425F710C Instructions for use, by The Canadian Coleman Co., Mississauga, ON: The Coleman Company, Inc.

Figure 9  Pressurizing the Fuel Tank

Lighting the Master Burner

During colder conditions, it may be necessary to warm the generator prior to lighting. This can be accomplished by applying a small amount of fuel to the master burner directly and lighting it with a match. The burning fuel will heat the generator, heating the fuel inside and facilitating the lighting of the burner. When the generator is not adequately heated it is possible for liquid fuel to pool in the stove which is very dangerous.

1.Ensure the auxiliary valve is in the closed position and the tank is pumped.

2.Do not lean over the stove while lighting.

3.Hold a lit match near the master burner (as per Figure 10).

4.Turn the instant light lever to the UP TO LIGHT position (as per Figure 10).

5.Turn the main valve control knob to the LIGHT position or setting.

6.Monitor the flame.

7.When the flame turns blue in colour (approximately one minute), turn the instant light lever to the DOWN TO BURN position and turn the control knob to the desired heat setting (HI – LO).

Note. From Coleman Camp Stove Model M425F710C Instructions for use, by The Canadian Coleman Co., Mississauga, ON: The Coleman Company, Inc.

Figure 10  Lighting the Master Burner

Should the stove fail to light or the match goes out before ignition, turn the control knob to the OFF position and wait two minutes before attempting to light the stove again.

Lighting the Auxiliary Burner

1.After the master burner has been lit, the auxiliary burner may be lit.

2.Hold a match to the auxiliary burner. Open the auxiliary valve located on the side of the stove box, next to the burner (the master burner may require adjustment after lighting the auxiliary burner).

Extinguishing the Burner

1.Close the auxiliary burner valve.

2.Remove cookware from the stove and turn the instant light lever up to LIGHT position and let burn for one minute. This cleans heavier parts of fuel from the generator.

3.Turn the main valve control knob clockwise to the OFF position and close firmly.

A small flame on the master burner will continue to burn for a few minutes, until the fuel empties from the generator.

The lantern does not require assembly or disassembly except when replacing the mantles / globe. Before operating the lantern, the cadet should verify that the handle is in place and that the ball nut (screw on top of the ventilator) is tight.

The lantern should have been fuelled previous to this lesson; however, the lantern should not be pressurized. When a mantle is replaced it should be burned prior to use. By burning the mantle, the mantle shrinks down in size ensuring that combustion of the fuel takes place at the mantle. When the mantle is not burned prior to use fuel can leak out of the mantle prior to combustion.

Pressurizing the Fuel Tank

1.Make sure the control knob is in the OFF position.

2.Turn the pump rod two full turns counter-clockwise.

3.Place the thumb over the air vent of the pump rod handle.

4.Pump 30–40 full strokes to pressurize the fuel tank.

5.Turn the pump rod to clockwise until it is closed tight.

Lighting the Lantern

Do not position the hands or head above the lantern when lighting. Mantles are very fragile and shall be avoided when using a match to light the lantern.

Stoves and lanterns must be cool to the touch before performing cleaning and any minor maintenance.

Cleaning the Stove

Clean as needed during a field exercise and before storage.

The burner assemblies should not be immersed in water as any water left in the tubes will cut-off or restrict the flow of fuel. Burner assemblies should be removed from the stove box and cleaned separately if the stove box is being immersed to be cleaned.

Cleaning the Lantern

Clean as needed during a field exercise and before storage.

Replacing a Mantle

If a mantle has fallen apart or has a hole in it, it should be replaced before operating the lantern.

1.Remove handle by pulling the handle arms gently away from the lantern.

2.Unscrew and remove the ball nut.

3.Remove the ventilator.

4.Remove the globe.

5.Only use the appropriate mantle for the lantern.

6.Remove the remains of the old mantle.

7.Tie mantle around the groves in the burner cap, with the flat side of the mantle facing the generator (as per Figure 11).

8.Cut off excess string.

9.Light bottom of the mantle evenly, burning until nothing but ash is left.

10.Allow mantle to cool before lighting the lantern.

11.Reassemble the lantern.

Note. From Coleman Lantern Model 220K195 & 228K195 How To Use and Enjoy, by The Canadian Coleman Co., Toronto, ON: The Coleman Company, Inc.

Figure 11  Replacing a Mantle

Inspecting the Pump Assembly

1.Remove clip from pump cap using needle-nose pliers (as per Figure 12).

2.Turn pump knob counter clockwise several times to unscrew air stem.

3.Pull out pump and air stem (as per Figure 12).

4.Examine pump leather, if dry, work several drops of oil into it.

5.Insert pump and air stem into tank (pump leather must not invert or fold).

6.Replace pump cap and clip.

7.Turn pump knob clockwise several times to screw air stem into the tank.

Note. From Coleman Lantern Model 220K195 & 228K195 How To Use and Enjoy, by The Canadian Coleman Co., Toronto, ON: The Coleman Company, Inc.

Figure 12  Pump Assembly